Fluid-actuated reciprocating motor



w..A. SMITH.l

FLUID ACTUATED RECIPBOCATINGMOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24 |920.'

minted sept. 28,1920.

uggENTQR. I

ATTORNEY eurem emes.

VJLLAD A. SiI'l-, GF EASTl-l', EQNSYL'VANL ASSIGNOR "l0 INGERSOLL-RAN'D COMPANY, F JERSEY CET-Y, NEW' ERSE'Y, CORPORATION OF NEV JERSEY.

FLEZiB-ACTATED BECPRCATING MTOR.

1,354,348, Speccaton of Letters Patent. Patented Sept 28, 1920, applicaties'cierren-nary ze, ieee, serial No. 360,661.

To all wlw-m it may concern: ports and passages of the tool which are Be it known that l, ilininraar A. SMITH, a. adapted to be controlled by'one extension or citizen or" the United States, residins' at shanlr, are equally adapted to be controlled Easton, in the county of Northampton and by the other extension or shank, Likewise State or Pennsylvania, have invented a cer-1 the valve operation I provide, functions in. 6u

tain new andnseful mmrovement in Fluid the same manner in either of the inter.v

Actua-ted Reciprocating Motors, or which changeable positions of the hammer.

the following is a. speciiication. in the particular tool illustrated, the rear his invention relates to duid actuated end of the hammer extension or shank which.

l@ reciprocating. motors, but more particuiarly extends rearwardly into the cylinder cham` 65 to anmotor of that class applicable to a perbers, constitutes a constant pressure for cussifve tool of 'the hammer drill type 'in wardly acting pressure area, and iuid preswhiph the hammer is -rec'iprocated h.' Huid sure is intermittently or alternately admitpressure distributed to and exhausted from ted to and exhausted from the forwardly l5 the Upressure chambers by suitable means 'acting and rearwardly acting pressure areas 70- which may include a valve. A, or' the main head. l

t is desirable to prolong the period of eX- l prefer to permit the'movements of the D haust in a tool of this type and thus increase rearwardly extending hammer extension or the eicieney while decreasing the powershank to control the admission of fluid-pres- 2,@ consumption ci the tool and the primary sure to the forward end of the cylinder to 75 Jb'jecirpf 'the present invention is to secure act upon the' rearwardly operating pressure quick acting and positive means for mainarea or the main head, for 'the return stroke i Gtaining the exhaust open from the pressure or the hammer, but I have provideda valve. chambers as long as conveniently practimechanism for controlling and prolonging cable. i i the admission of duid to the forwardly act- 80 The particular tool I have selected for thel ing pressure area of the main head, and for application of this invention, is provided prolonging the period of exhaust from the with a dii'erential piston hammer formed intermittently supplied pressure areas. with two forwardly acting,r pressure areas One of the objects of the invention is to and a rearwardly acting pressure area, in improve upon this valve mechanism which 85l this instance one. of the forwardly acting in this instance is shown as a ldifferential' pressure areas operatingr in a constant pres valve controlled bythe movements of the .sure chamber although the invention is not piston hammer in such manner that it moves limited to such construction, and l have only quickly and positively with freedom of ac'- selected this form or tool for the purpose tion and satisfactorily maintains the exhaust 9i) of illustrating' my invention. open for the maximum period with certainty l have `also shown the invention in conand precision under operatingr conditions. nect1on with a hammer having' a main head Further obJec'ts of the. invention will and two reduced extensions or Shanks eX- hereinafter appear and to all of these ends 4c tending therefrom on opposite sides, and l the invention consists of the features of con- 95 preferably form each extensionorshankofthe struction, combinations of elements and ar- `samelengrthand otuniform diameter thrcughrangements of parts substantially as herein out so thatthehammerisreversibleinthe tool, described and claimed and shown in the and either end may be used the striking accompanying drawings in whichend for the drill steel. `This reversible ea- Figure 1 is a diagrammaticside elevation, 100 ture is sometimes an advantage in case one partly inlongitudinal section and partly end of the hammer becomes chipped or broken away, of a tool embodyingthe invenbrcken, as the same hammer may be used in tion, and s the tool without waiting to renew the entire Fig. 2 is a similar view with the hammer 5e hammer. in a. different. position in its travel. 105 ln orderl that the toollmay he adaptedto In both figures only so much'of the perreceive the hammer and operate with either cussive-,tool is shown as will be necessary to extension' or shank inserted rearwardly an understanding of the invention and the. within the cylinder chambers, prI vision is valve mechanism 4and related ports and pasmade for such interchangeability,y and the sages in tool are brought as'far as pos- '16( of this invention.

{cferring to the drawings, the cylinder A of any usual or suitable constructior`1,'iis formed with a differential bore of twodiameters including the larger forward bore B and the smaller rearward bore C. The piston hammer reciprocating in the cylinder A is provided with a main enlargedl head D having hammer extensions in the form of reduced Shanks E and F extending therefrom in l.opposite directions. These 'Shanks E and F are preferably each of the same length and of the same uniform diameter throughout so that the hammer is reversible or interchangeable in the tool and eitheisbank may be inserted in the smaller- ;re U of the cylinder and the other shank used forlstriking the drill steel as desired.

- The for ard hammer extension or shank er F as the case may be, isguided as shown in the bushing H, and the drill steel @il is inserted in afsuitable chuck J engaging va. rotating sleeve K having gear teeth adapted to be engaged and actuated by any suital'ile independent rotating motor (not shown). front head' 0 incloses the sleeve K and the rear end of the cylinder is closed by the usual back head P.

'Operating fluid under pressure is admitted to the 'tool through the inlet Q and the chamber R ionns a constan? pressure chamber, so that the pressure is constantly exerted on the forwardly acting pressure y .fea S at the rear end of the rearward hammer extension or shank E. A piston controlled supply port T in the smaller cylinder bore C communicates `with a main fluid pasf sage U leading to the front end of the cylinexhaust port X, until said port X isv covered, and also through the port V. pas`l sage and auxiliary cross passage Y around. the contiolling valve Z in the position shown in Fig. 2A and as indicated by the arrows, tc atmosphere through auxiliary atmospheric port a, in the valve casing. This auxiliary exhaust continues after the niain ,exhaust port X is closed and until the 'valve'is/ thrown to the position indicated in Fig.,y l. J s

The admission and exhaust to and from the forwardly acting pressure area of the main head D, is controlled by the valve Z and as shown, a constantly open supply port c is provided in the chamber R, communicating with a main fluid passage d which opens through port e into the valve chamber. in the valve casing f conveniently provided on the side of the cylinder A. Motive fluid pressure is admitted from the Valve. chamber past valve Z through admission port' g to the larger cylinder bore B behind the main head D when the valve is inthe position shown in Fig. 2, and admission is cut off by the valve when in the 'position shown in Fig. 1, in which case the port g acts as an auxiliary exhaust port permitting the .fluidto exhaust from the pressurearea bof the main head D, around valve Z and out through port a, while the main exhaust port X is open, and continuing after the main exhaust port is covered by the piston head until the valve Z is thrown to the position indicated in Fig. 2.

The controlling valve uZ is preferably, formed with differential pressure surfaces, one or more of which are constantly subjected to the main fluid pressure, and another of which is intermittently subjected to said pressure. As shown in this instance, the valve Z is of the spool type sliding on the stem z conveniently formed as a bolt with a flanged head j and a threaded end adapted to receive a nut or other fastening device The bolt is provided with a throat 0 form- 100 inga stop for the valve Z which, as shown, is formed with an enlarged recessed head p extending over the throat a and abutting against the shoulder formed by said throat in the position of the valve shown in Fig. 2. The recessed valve head p constitutes the intermittent pressure area of the valve and an enlarged portion q `forming a shoulder r constitutes one of the constant pressure areas. be formed by the shoulder 8, although this second shoulder may be omitted if desired. The rear end of the valve Z is vented to atmosphere through the ports t, preferably provided in a flanged plug u fitting the end of the valve chamber, and held in position by the nut l'. on the shank )t of the valve bolt. l

In order to admit fluid pressure to and exhaust pressure from the recessed differential pressure area inthe head p of the valve, for moving the valve backward and forward in the valve chamber, an auxiliary 'fluid passage v in the cylinder wall leads from the port fw located at the rear of the smaller 125 cylinder bore C rearward of the supply port T, toa port m in the larger cylin ler bore, adapted. to be covered and uncover d by the main headA D in its travel, and a branch auxiliary passage y leads from 'the passage 130 Another constant pressure area may 110 a port e opening into the'valve casing its larger area, a combined auxiliary supply in front of the valve head pi and exhaust passage controlled by the pis the operationo the tool, the piston ton for supplying pressure to, and exhaustannier. in starting on its forward stroke, ing pressure tronithe largerurea of said uncovers the valve'controlling port fw valve, and an additional auxiliary supply 7G the rear of the smaller cylinder bore C, and enhaust passage permitting the ressure :store it uncovers'the supply port T, and at supplied to said larger area ot the 'valve to same time the main head D covers the pass to the front end or the cylinder and valve controlling port :n in the larger cylalso adording an auxiliary exhaust for the i or bore. B, so that motive fluid pressure iront end orthe cylinder. '25 s simili-ted through auxiliary passage a and 2. In ailuid actuated reciprocating motor, branch passage g/ to the valve chamber and the combina-tion ot a cylinder, a dilierentia throws 'the valve E rearwardly against the piston therein, a constant pressure chamber constant pressure on the differential difor constantly maintaining fluid pressure on w esistere 71 and e, one of the forwardly acting pressure 80V air 'passes from passage y through of said piston, amain passage controlled by 2 and thence through cross passage Y the pistonfor intermittently supplying fluid into the main passage U and to the forward pressure to the cylinder 'or the rearwardly end of the main head U. The main fluid acting pressure area of said piston, a dif-1. @il pressure also passes through supply port T, ferential valve subjected to constant presg iwhen uncovered, and through main passage sure on one pressure area'controlling the in to the 'forward end of the main head D. teri'nittent supply7 ot' i'luid pressure to the When the piston starts on its rearlward cylinder for the other forwardly acting f stroke, it shirts off the supply port T be'- pressure area of said piston, means for eX- 25 tore corering the valve controlling port w. hausting the said intermittently supplied 9@ s the valve Z moves over from the posiportions of the cylinder, said valve controltion shown in Fig. 2 to that shown in Fig. l, ling an auxiliary exhaust from each of said it opens the port g from the rearward end intermittently' supplied cylinder portions, of the main head D, to exhaust through the the auxiliary exhausting means including S auxiliary atmospheric port a, and the piston a combined auxiliary supply and exhaust 1135 has also opened the main exhaust port X. passage connecting the said main supply s the piston moves rearwardly on its passage with the valve chamber, and means return stroke, the main head D first shuts for intermittently supplying'main fluid presolf the mainexhaust port X, but the port g sure to .the other pressure area of said 'valve ,35 is left open to exhaust through atmosincluding additional auxiliary supply and o pheric port a to relieve the pressure at the exhaust passages adapted to connect the :rear of the head D. Then the inlet through valve chamber with the constant pressure supply port T is shut oil and the inlet chamber at the rear ot the cylinder and with through the valve controlling port w is covthe cylinder in front of the rearwardly act- 40 ered, and the valve controlling port m is uning pressure area of the piston, whereby l0 covered by the main head D, thus relieving pressure admitted to the valve chamber the pressure in front of the valve head p through said additional auxiliary passages through porte, branch passage y, auxiliary may pass to the front cud of the cylinder passage o and port when exhaust port X l through said combined auxiliary supply and is uncovered which permits the Valve Z to exhaust passage in one position of the wilve. 110

more from the position shown in Fig. l to 3. In a fluid actuated reciprocating motor, that shown in Fig. 2, and the cycle is rethe combination' of a cylinder haring a dit I peated. i'erential bore, a differential piston therein l claim having a main head and at least one reduced l. lin alluid actuated reciprocating moshank, a ch tor, the combination of a cylinder, a piston ing fluid pressure on 'the rear end of said retherein, a main .passage controlled by the duced shank, a main fluid supply 'passage piston for intermittently supplying fluid controlled by said. reduced shank and leadpressure in fronty of theV piston, main exing to the front end of the cylinder for in- 55.y haust means foru exhausting the cylinder termittently supplying uid pressurev in 120 from both ends or the piston, a second main front or" said main head, a valve chamber. a passage lor intermittently supplying fluid differential controlling valve therein, amain pressure behind the piston, a differential' .fluid supply passage leading to said valve valve having larger and smaller pressure chamber whereby the'smaller area of said ce areas for controlling said second main pasvalve is constantly subjected to the main sage and for controlling auxiliary exhaust iiuid pressure, a port controlled by said ineens from both ends of the cylinder, said valve for intermittently supplying duid faire being actuated in one direction by con' pressure behind the said imain piston 'head stent pressure on its smaller area, and in the and adapted to act as an auxiliary exhaust other direction .by intermittent pressure on u amber for constantly maintainport, main exhaust means overrun by the isc ber in front of the larger pressure area of said valve, said passages lcommunicating with the forward end of' the cylinder through a port controlled by the piston head, and an auxiliary passage controlled by the valve for placing the valve chamber land said first named auxiliary passages in communication with the main fluid supply passage leading to the front end of the cylinder.

4. ln a fluid actuated reciproca-ting motor, the combination of a cylinder having a differential bore, a differential piston therein having a main head and at least one reduced shank, a chan'lber for constantly maintaining fluid pressure on the rear end of said reduced shank, a main fluid supply passage leading to the front end of' the cylinder and controlled by said reduced shank for intermittently supplying fluid pressure in front of said main head, said main passage also being adapted to act an auxiliary exhaust passage,'a Valve chamber, a differential controlling valve there-in, a main fluid supply passage leading t0 said chamber whereby the smaller area of the valve is constantly subject tothe main fluid pressure, a poit controlled by said valve for intermittently supplying fluid pressure behind the said main head, said pit also being adapted to act as an auxiliary exhaust port, main haust means overrunby the piston in its travel for exhausting pressure from in front of and behind the main head, anl auxiliary atmospheric' port for the valve chamber, auxiliary passages controlled by the piston for connecting the constant pressure chamber of the cylinder with the valve chamber in front of the larger pressure area of the valve and for connecting the said portion of the valve chamber with the front end of the cylinder in front of the main head, and an auxiliary passage controlled by the valve for connecting the said portion of the valve chamber with the main fluid supply passage 'leading to the front end of the cylinder.

5.l In a fluid actuated reciprocating motor,

the combination of a cylinder having a differential bore and a differential piston operating therein, means for constantly man1- taining fluid pressure on one of the forwardly driving pressure areas of said piston, aV main fluid passage controlled by the piston for intermittently supplying motive fluid to the rearwardly driving 'pressure area, and a differential valve constantly subjected on its smaller pressure area tov motive fini/d pressure for controlling the intermittent supply of' motive fluid to the other forwardly driving pressure area of the piston and for controlling auxiliary exhaust passages from said intermittently supplied pressure areas of the piston, said valve loeing intermittently subjected to motive fluid pressure on its larger pressure area, said f auxiliary exhaust passages including means for admitting motive fluid 'around the valve to the rearwardly driving pressure area of the piston in addition 'to the motive fluid supplied through the said main piston controlled fluid passage when the valve is in one position.

6.' In a fluid actuated reciprocating motor, the combination of acylinder having a differential bore and a differential piston operating therein, means Afor constantly maintaining fluid pressure on one of the forwardly driving pressure areas 'of said piston, a main fluid passage controlled by the piston for intermittently supplying motive fluid to the rearwardly driving pressure area, and a differential valve constantly subjected on its smaller pressure area to motive fluid pressure for controlling the intermittent supply of motive fluid to the other forwardly driving pressure area of the piston and for controlling auxiliary exhaust passages from said intermittently supplied pressure areas. of the piston, said valve being intermittently subjected to motive another position.V

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. WILLIAM A. SMITH. 

